Cellulite Reduction by Nutrave's Cafeisilane C

The metabolism of fat tissue are a complex phenomena categorized into 3 stages:

• Lipogenesis, or the formation of lipids or fat
• Storage of lipidsin the fat cells or adipocytes
• Lipolysis, or the elimination of lipids

Lipogenesis or the formation of phospholipids and fatty acids (triglycerides) through glucose metabolism. In the bloodstream, fatty acids exist in a form that is bound to lipoproteins.

The storage of these lipids into fat cells is performed by an enzyme complex called lipoprotein lipase, which is located at the fat cell membrane. The lipoprotein lipase hydrolyze or break the bond between the triglyceride and the lipoprotein, thus liberating the free triglyceride to be stored in the fat cell.

In lipolysis, triglycerides in the fat cell is broken down into fatty acids and glycerols in a complex mechanism involving enzymes, receptors, and hormones.

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Stimulation of Lipolysis by Cafeisilane C

Cafeisilane C was shown by scientific study to increase lipolytic or fat elimination activity by stimulating the action of cAMP.

Here, the lipolytic activity was evidenced by an in vitro study on fat cells or adipocytes maintained in culture medium. The lipolytic activity is obtained by the measurement of the quantity of glyverol liberated by these adipoctyes.

Cafeisilane C has a very high lipolytic activity, compared to caffeine and Algisium C (seaweed extract) at similar concentrations.

The mechanism of action of Cafeisilane C on cAMP is probably due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP into 5' AMP, thus causing the accumulation of CAMP; as well as the activation of the membrane-bound adenylate-cyclase.

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Inhibition of Lipoprotein Lipase

Lipoprotein lipase is an enzyme produced by the fat cell to convert lipoprotein-bound triglycerides circulating in the bloodstram into free triglycerides that can be stored in the fat cells.

In vitro results showed that Cafeisilane C can inhibit the activity of lipoprotein lipase, and can result in the inhibition of the increased storage of lipid by the adipocytes.

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Tolerance Study

Tolerance of Cafeisilane C has been studied in vitro by various methods on both cell culture and reconstituted epidermis. Ocular tolerance is evaluated by studying cytotoxicity on cornea isolated fibroblast culture. Cutaneous tolerance is evaluated on reconstituted epidermis by evaluation of cell viability after a contact period of 24 hours.

All of these studies have shown that Cafeisilane C is non-toxic and is not an irritant.

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Clinical Study References

Below are clinical study reference on Cafeisilane C and caffeine:

	Cafeisilane Technical Data and Clinical Study Summary PT Nardevchem Kemindo - Exysmol
	A double-blind evaluation of the activity of an anti-cellulite product containing retinol, caffeine, and ruscogenine by a combination of several non-invasive methods Bertin C, Zunino H, Pittet JC, Beau P, Pineau P, Massonneau M, Robert C, Hopkins J. J Cosmet Sci. 2001 Jul-Aug;52(4):199-210
	Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and exercise performance Costill DL, Dalsky GP, Fink WJ. Med Sci Sports. 1978 Fall;10(3):155-8

Below are clinical study reference on Gotu kola (Centella asiatica):

	An in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo demonstration of the lipolytic effect of slimming liposomes: An unexpected alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonism. Tholon L, Neliat G, Chesne C, Saboureau D, Perrier E, Branka JE. J Cosmet Sci. 2002 Jul-Aug;53(4):209-18
	Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant Centella asiatica Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG. Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):427-48
	New innovations in scar management Widgerow AD, Chait LA, Stals R, Stals PJ. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2000 May-Jun;24(3):227-34
	Creams for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy Young GL, Jewell D. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000066.
	In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Apr;65(1):1-11
	Asiaticoside-induced elevation of antioxidant levels in healing wounds Shukla A, Rasik AM, Dhawan BN. Phytother Res. 1999 Feb;13(1):50-4
	Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by a triterpene extracted from Centella asiatica Maquart FX, Bellon G, Gillery P, Wegrowski Y, Borel JP. Connect Tissue Res. 1990;24(2):107-20.

Below are the clinical study reference on Grape seed extract:

	Inhibitory effects of grape seed extract on lipases. Moreno DA, Ilic N, Poulev A, Brasaemle DL, Fried SK, Raskin I. Nutrition. 2003 Oct;19(10):876-9
	Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grape seeds. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs S, Ray SD, Sen CK, Preuss HG. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 May;957:260-70
	Vasodilating procyanidins derived from grape seeds Fitzpatrick DF, Bing B, Maggi DA, Fleming RC, O'Malley RM. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 May;957:78-89. Related Articles, Links
	Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds Li WG, Zhang XY, Wu YJ, Tian X. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001 Dec;22(12):1117-20.
	The cellular and molecular basis of health benefits of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract Joshi SS, Kuszynski CA, Bagchi D. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2001 Jun;2(2):187-200.